To what extent is the phone battery affected by overcharging or fast charging? ( part One )

Phone battery life It is a very important factor for many people when buying new devices, and it is no less important than the rest of the specifications. And became Fast shipping One of the main requirements is to keep the phone working all the time, so charging the phone for ten minutes can make a big difference. After the proliferation of fast chargers, questions arose about how dangerous these high-capacity chargers are to damage the battery in the short term, or reduce the ability of the battery to hold a charge for a longer period? As well as the impact of battery charging over its capacity, all this and more we answer in this article according to experts.

Why hasn't the battery technology changed for years? And why hasn't a longer-lasting battery been developed?

All cell phones and most electronics use rechargeable Li-ion batteries. And it seems difficult to offer batteries that last longer, because battery technology has not changed in decades.

Instead, most of the development in the battery industry revolved around the power-saving features built into devices such as OLED display technology, as well as making the operating system handle energy more efficiently. Unfortunately, the life span of these batteries ranges between two or three years.

It also depends on the size of the battery, compared to the battery of an electric car, for example, we find that the phone battery is a very small thing. For example, the Tesla 3 rechargeable car battery has a battery capacity of 4000 times greater than the iPhone 11 Pro Max.

Phone batteries are measured in milliampere hours, while electric vehicle batteries are measured in watt-hours. For example, the iPhone 11 Pro Max has a 3969 mAh battery, which is equivalent to 15.04 watt-hours, while the Tesla 3's mid-range car battery comes with a 62000 watt-hour battery.

High voltage and pressure and its effect on the battery

The bigger the battery, the more tricks it saves to extend its life. For example, when you charge the battery, the voltage rises, which puts it under stress, especially during the last 20% of the charge. To avoid this pressure, electric vehicle manufacturers only charge batteries to 80%. Because of the larger battery capacity, the electric vehicle is able to travel acceptable distances, while avoiding the pressure of high voltage. This may double the life of the vehicle's battery.

For the phone, the large battery can give you all day running time, and this is in the event that you charge the battery to 100%. This undoubtedly also puts the battery under greater stress than the higher voltage.

That is why Apple developed the enhanced battery charging feature to reduce battery life depletion, so that the charge percentage does not exceed 80% until the usual expiration date approaches, as it says in explaining this feature. And a tool was placed in IPhone Islam application For this purpose it alerts you when the battery charge reaches this percentage.

Will fast charging damage the battery?

The traditional charger is charging 5W to 10W power. The faster charger can improve this by up to eight times. For example, iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max come with an 18W fast charger, and the Samsung Galaxy Note 10 and Note 10 Plus have a 25W charger. You can also get a fast charger from Samsung with a strong 45W for $ 50. And we know that fast charging works in two phases, why? Here's the detail.

First of all, you have to know that fast charging in this way does not damage the battery in the long term unless there are some technical defects in the battery or charger.

The first stage applies This is known as a surge of voltage on a dead or nearly empty battery. This fast charging gives you between 50% to 70% charge in a period of 10, 15 or 30 minutes. That's because during the first stage of charging, batteries can rapidly absorb the charge without major negative effects on their long-term health.

For example, Samsung says its 45W charger can go from zero to 70% in half an hour. And Apple says that the fast charger that comes with the iPhone 11 Pro can reach 50% charge in 30 minutes.

The second stage Which represents the remaining 20% ​​or 30% of the battery, this takes longer, as the phone companies have to slow the charging speed and carefully manage it, otherwise this process will damage the battery.

Engineer Arthur Shi, of DIY iFixit, likens the battery to a fast-charging case with a dry sponge. When you pour it on for the first time, it absorbs liquid quickly. While continuing to pour water on the sponge until the saturation stage, water will overflow around it. With regard to the battery, these “non-absorbed” supercharges can lead to technical problems that may damage the battery, unless carefully managed as follows.

But if there is a good management of the charging method and closely monitored by the system, so that the charging speed is reduced in the second stage and giving the battery time to absorb, then in this case we rarely find problems.

These problems we saw in the case of the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 battery, which exploded tragically due to defects in the design of the battery and the lack of advanced techniques for successful battery management.

Does keeping the battery charge after 100% affect its efficiency?

We still have concerns about keeping the battery on charge after it is fully charged, and we think that is affecting its life in one way or another. The truth, according to experts, is that the battery has a protection system and is designed to have the charge flow shut off once its charge reaches 100%, before it receives an overcharge. This is what he said Venkat Srinivasan, Battery Researcher at Argonne National Laboratory and Director of the Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Sciences. The only problem is keeping the battery under this pressure, and therefore it is advised to release it from the charger.

Apple takes a clever approach to this process in iOS 13, which charges the iPhone's battery to 100% without causing long-term damage. This is because the system works to reduce the stress on the battery. This is through the enhanced battery charging feature as mentioned above.

You should never let your battery reach zero%.

There was a misconception that we should discharge the battery and then recharge it again, and this is unfortunately a misconception, as completely discharging the battery may lead to chemical reactions that affect the battery life.

The companies took this point into consideration, as the battery management system includes safety features that turn off the phone when the charge reaches a safe level. We believe that the battery has reached zero, and this is not true, as the battery remains in a low charge so that it can work again when it is charged. But if it is completely discharged by repeatedly pressing the power button on the phone after the battery has run out, this creates a problem, and if you connect the charger, the battery will not charge, and therefore you have to buy another new one, or technicians can give the empty battery an electric charge via the power device Supply for at least a minute. watch this video:

The best way to charge is when the battery level has dropped between 30% and 20% to approximately 80%.

It didn't end there. Wait for us in the second part of this article, in which we look at the effect of heat on the battery, how incompatible chargers and wires affect the battery, and how you can conserve battery power for a longer period.

Source:

cnet